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Project type

Public Infrastructure Projects and Texas Land

Cities, counties, water districts, river authorities and school districts acquire land for water supply, drainage, reservoirs, rail and public buildings. Some of these projects affect very large areas at once.

Fig. — Public works crossing private landNot to scale

What counts as public infrastructure

A broad category. Municipal water and sewer lines, regional water supply, drainage channels and detention, levees, reservoirs, rail corridors, school sites and public buildings. The entity is usually governmental, and the procedure in Chapter 21 applies as it does elsewhere.

Water supply and reservoirs

Reservoir projects are the largest single takings in Texas. Proposals such as Marvin Nichols in Northeast Texas would affect very large areas of timber and farm land at once. The question on a reservoir is usually fee title rather than easement, and permanent inundation rather than a corridor.

Whole tract or part

On a reservoir the first question is whether the project takes the whole holding or leaves a remainder above the pool. A remainder cut off from access or from the rest of the operation raises different questions from a whole taking.

Drainage and flood control

Channels, detention basins and levees take land and change how water behaves on what remains. Where a project causes water to stand on land it did not previously reach, that can raise an inverse condemnation question even without a formal taking.

Rail, schools and public buildings

These are usually site acquisitions rather than corridors. The compensation analysis is the ordinary one, and the questions concern the value of the site and the effect on any remainder the owner keeps nearby.

What to ask early

  • Which entity is acquiring, and under what authority?
  • Is this fee title, a permanent easement or a temporary one?
  • Does the project take the whole holding or leave a remainder?
  • How will drainage change on the land you keep?
  • What happens to access if the project separates your tracts?
  • Is there a public hearing or approval process still open?

Related property types

What kind of land is affected?

Start with your situation

Where are you in the process?

Related resources

Read next

More Texas resources are on the way. New guides publish every week.

Common questions

About public infrastructure

Can a water district take my land?

Water supply and municipal utility districts hold eminent domain authority for their statutory purposes, and the Chapter 21 procedure applies.

What happens if a reservoir floods my property?

Reservoir projects usually acquire fee title to land within the pool. Whether a remainder above the pool is left, and whether it is still usable, are separate questions.

Water now stands on my land after a public project. Is that a taking?

Where a public improvement causes flooding that did not previously occur, that can raise an inverse condemnation question. It is fact dependent and worth discussing with a Texas attorney.

Is there a hearing I can attend?

Many public projects involve approval or permitting processes with opportunities for comment. Whether one is still open depends on the project stage.

Next step

Understand Your Property Situation

Identify the entity, the interest sought and whether a remainder is left.

Get Help Understanding Your Situation
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